Meteors

Meteors are a notoriously hazardous weather. Huge rocks will fall from the sky, dealing 1000 damage to both player and blocks.

Only some planets/biomes can have meteors. You can use GPS feature of your Personal Tricorder to determine possible weathers on the planet you are currently on.

Meteors come in Small, Medium, and Large. The bigger, the more blocks are destroyed on hit.

Extreme caution is advised when building on planets with Meteors. If not protected by a Field Generator, player-constructed buildings can be seriously damaged. No block except Dead Core can survive being hit by 1000 damage from a Meteor (the strongest craftable block in the game, Diamond Block, has 84 hitpoints).

This weather has a variation called "Large Meteor", which ends more quickly, but causes an even larger impact area.

Getting rid of meteors

 * The only way to remove meteors is to terraform the planet to some biome that doesn't get Meteors.
 * If you don't want to bother with Dead Core and Field Generator, you can settle deep underground (weather only happens in surface/subsurface layers, and if the player is many screens away from them, then meteors won't spawn).
 * If you like to live dangerously: at least 1 player successfully used the fact that planets like Infernus have frequent rains of Ash Pile blocks. If you have a thick layer of those (at least 5 blocks high) covering the ceiling of your base, they will take a hit instead of your base. Sure, the Meteor will destroy some of these Ash Pile blocks, but the next rain will replenish them. Beware that a meteor can spawn inside the building too (if the ceiling is outside the player's view).